Russian Federation Population 2026
As of 2025, the population of the Russian Federation is estimated at 143,533,851, making it the 9th most populous country globally. Over the past year, the population has declined by 0.20%, continuing a long-term trend of slight contraction.
Population Trend (Russian Federation)
Population by Decade
Population milestones
How Russian Federation's population changed across key years (World Bank estimates).
Overview
Russia's population has been gradually shrinking over the past decade, with an average annual growth rate of -0.05% from 2015 to 2025. This decline is primarily driven by low fertility rates, high mortality rates among working-age men, and limited net migration. The country ranks as the largest in Europe & Central Asia by population, yet its demographic trajectory poses challenges for economic growth and social welfare systems.
Despite its vast land area, Russia's population is concentrated in the western part of the country, particularly around Moscow and Saint Petersburg. The population density is low overall, and many rural areas face depopulation. The country's income level is classified as high, which is unusual for a nation with such a low population growth rate, reflecting its resource-based economy.
Russia's population of 143.5 million places it just behind Bangladesh and ahead of Mexico in global rankings. However, the negative growth rate indicates that without significant changes in fertility or migration, the population is expected to continue declining. The 10-year average growth rate of -0.05% suggests a very slow but persistent contraction.
Key Facts
- Population in 2025: 143,533,851
- 1-year population growth rate: -0.20%
- 10-year average growth rate (2015–2025): -0.05%
- Global population rank: 9th
- Region: Europe & Central Asia
- Income group: High income