Bosnia and Herzegovina Population 2026
As of 2025, the population of Bosnia and Herzegovina is estimated at 3,164,253. The country has experienced a sustained population decline, with a 1-year growth rate of -0.65% and a 10-year average annual growth of -1.18%.
Population Trend (Bosnia and Herzegovina)
Population by Decade
Population milestones
How Bosnia and Herzegovina's population changed across key years (World Bank estimates).
Overview
Bosnia and Herzegovina, located in the Europe & Central Asia region, is classified as an upper middle income country. Its population has been steadily declining, with a negative growth rate of -0.65% in 2025, reflecting ongoing emigration and low birth rates. Over the past decade, the average annual population decline has accelerated to -1.18%, indicating a long-term demographic contraction.
In the regional context, many European and Central Asian countries face similar population stagnation or decline, but Bosnia and Herzegovina's rate is among the more pronounced. The country's income level, upper middle income, does not offset the demographic pressures from out-migration and aging.
Globally, Bosnia and Herzegovina ranks 135th in population size. With a population of just over 3.1 million, it is a relatively small country by world standards. The ongoing decline suggests that its global rank may fall further in the coming years unless migration or fertility trends change.
Looking ahead, the negative growth trajectory is likely to continue if current patterns persist. The combination of low fertility and emigration to wealthier countries poses challenges for labor supply, social services, and economic sustainability.
Key Facts
- Population in 2025: 3,164,253
- Annual population growth rate: -0.65%
- 10-year average annual growth: -1.18%
- Global population rank: #135
- Region: Europe & Central Asia
- Income group: Upper middle income